“Pyramided” Bt corn may not be considered as “pyramided” anymore if resistance to one Bt protein exists.

“Pyramided” Bt corn may not be considered as “pyramided” anymore if resistance to one Bt protein exists.

“Pyramided” Bt corn may not be considered as “pyramided” anymore if resistance to one Bt protein exists. The possible cross-resistance between single-gene and pyramided Bt corn in S. frugiperda suggest that careful selection of different Bt genes is essential in use of gene pyramiding strategy for resistance management. Thus, integrated resistance management (IRM) strategies for such conditions still need to be investigated to ensure sustainable management of the Fall armyworm.

The research work contained in this thesis has been mentioned as an important contribution to the use of host plant resistance as a major approach to the protection of crops – especially field crops, but eventually to horticultural crops.